Guilty Plea In $30 Million Landscaping Ponzi Scheme

A New York man will plead guilty to federal charges that he orchestrated a landscaping Ponzi scheme that duped investors out of at least $30 million through promises of annual returns of up to 400%.  Eric Aronson, 46, pleaded guilty to a single count of securities fraud.  While the charges carries a maximum 20-year prison sentence, Aronson's plea agreement with authorities calls for him to serve 121 to 151 months in prison.  

According to authorities, Permapave was a conglomerate of companies controlled by Aronson that, beginning in 2006, solicited investors to fund the importation of PermaPave pavers from Australia for subsequent resale in the United States.  Through unregistered promissory notes and "use of funds" agreements, investors were promised monthly returns ranging from 7.8% to 33.3%, which equated to annual returns of up to 400%. Aronson and the other defendants told potential investors that there existed an enormous backlog of orders for the pavers, and that investors would be repaid out of profits from the guaranteed sales. 

When PermaPave began to fall behind on payments in late 2008, investors were mollified by an agreement to exchange the promissory notes for convertible debentures with a lower interest rate and a deferral of principal due.  In total, at least 140 investors entrusted $16 million with the company.  In 2009, investors were told that the company had been sold and were urged to convert their debentures into equity shares.  In reality, the company had not been sold nor had it ever been profitable.  Rather, the company was a massive Ponzi scheme that operated at substantial losses while using incoming investor funds to pay "returns" to existing investors. Of the tens of millions of dollars raised by PermaPave, Aronson and the defendants were accused of misappropriating millions of dollars for their own personal use.

Aronson's guilty plea is not his first fraud-related brush with the law.  In 2000, Aronson pled guilty to an unrelated offering scam and later served time in federal prison.  Ironically, Aronson was accused of using investor funds from his current scam to pay his court-mandated restitution payments to victims of his previous fraud.  

The plea comes nearly three years after he was first indicted for the Permapave scheme along with executives Vincent Buonauro Jr. and Robert Kondtratick.  The men were also the subject of an enforcement action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which sought various remedies including disgorgement, civil penalties, and injunctive relief.  At one point, the Commission sought to hold the men in contempt after accusing them of failing to cooperate with discovery by producing duplicate documents and even a DVD containing damaged and corrupted audio files.

90-Year Prison Sentence For Florida Man Convicted Of $2.7 Million Ponzi Scheme

A Florida man received a 90-year prison sentence for running a $2.7 million Ponzi scheme - a sentence believed to be one of the longest in history in Ponzi scheme jurisprudence.  James Jackson Jr., 48, received three 30-year sentences, to be served consecutively, after a jury convicted him of 33 grand theft and forgery charges.  Each of Jackson's victims was over 50, and with 10 of the 33 victims being older than 65.  Jackson's sentence ranks as the third-longest Ponzi scheme prison sentence to be handed down, behind only infamous schemers Allen Stanford and Bernard Madoff.  While Jackson will be eligible for parole after serving 85% of his sentence due to his prosecution by the state, the sentence is almost certain to be a life sentence due to his age.

Beginning in January 2008, Jackson used his two companies, American Senior Advisory Group and Covenant Planning Group, to solicit elderly victims under the guise that their investment would be entrusted to a company called AFG to generate regular interest payments.  Jackson showed investors purported emails showing that their funds were delivered to a man named Matthew Turner at AFG, and also provided "deposit agreements" supposedly signed by local attorneys.  Some victims then began receiving regular interest payments from Jackson as evidence of the investment's legitimacy, and ultimately approximately 33 victims entrusted nearly $3 million with Jackson and his companies.

However, the "Matthew Turner" supposedly employed at AFG and overseeing investor funds did not exist, and Jackson was accused of operating a Ponzi scheme by using new investor funds to pay returns to existing investors.  In addition to the Ponzi payments, Jackson also misappropriated investor funds for his own personal use, including more than $500,000 in gambling losses at the Hard Rock Casino and transfers to family members, girlfriends, and an ex-wife.  Jackson was ultimately arrested in January 2012 and more charged were added as additional victims were located.  As of this past July, Jackson has returned approxiamtely $400,000 to victims while more than $1.8 million remains unpaid.

Should Jackson's sentence stand (if appealed), he will become the newest member of the Wall Street Journal's recent "Reordering of the Top 10 White Collar Crime Prison Sentences," where his sentence would place him in sole possession of 8th place and above the 50-year sentences handed down to noted Ponzi schemers Scott Rothstein and Thomas Petters.  The sentence would also be the longest sentence handed down to a Florida Ponzi schemer.  

Hedge Fund Managers Sentenced For $40 Million Ponzi Scheme

Three former hedge fund managers were sentenced to federal prison for their role in a $40 million Ponzi scheme that was previously characterized by a U.S. District Judge as the "the worst financial crime in this district in memory."  Jeffrey M. Toft, 51, of Sioux Fall, S.D., Chad A. Sloat, 36, of Kansas City, Mo., and Michael J. Murphy, 54, of Deep Haven, Minn., became the latest to be sentenced after authorities filed criminal charges relating to the "Black Diamond" Ponzi scheme that swindled victims out of tens of millions of dollars.  Toth, Sloat, and Murphy received sentences of 66 months, 70 months, and 48 months, respectively, and each was also ordered to pay millions of dollars in restitution to victims.  Toft had previously pleaded guilty to one count each of securities fraud conspiracy, wire fraud conspiracy, and money laundering conspiracy, while Sloat and Murphy each pleaded guilty to one count of securities fraud conspiracy.  

Black Diamond was a foreign currency ("forex") trading operation masterminded by Keith Simmons.  Beginning in 2007, and using a network of co-conspirators and feeder funds, Simmons solicited investors under the guise that their funds would be used in the purportedly highly successful Black Diamond trading platform.  Potential investors were promised 4% monthly returns and were assured that their investment was safe due to Simmons' promise that no more than 20% of invested funds would be at risk at any time.  Even quoting Bible verses and stressing his devout Christianity, Simmons succeeded in convincing approximately 240 investors to contribute at least $35 million to the scheme.  

Toft, Sloat, and Murphy operated hedge funds that solicited investors by representing that their funds would be invested in the Black Diamond venture, of which the trio had conducted extensive due diligence and were utilizing extensive safeguards.  However, these representations were not true, and soon the Black Diamond scheme began collapsing - as all Ponzi schemes eventually do.  But instead of disclosing this to their investors, the trio were accused of enlisting the assistance of a fourth individual, Jonathan Davey, to create their own Ponzi scheme and continue to divert investor funds for their own personal use.  

The mastermind, Simmons, was sentenced to a 50-year term back in May 2012 - one of the largest white collar prison terms in history.  Davey was convicted by a federal jury in February 2013 after 45 minutes of deliberations, and is still awaiting sentencing.  

The case was also significant in that the bank used by Simmons to perpetuate the scheme, CommunityONE Bank, N.A., was criminally charged over its lack of an effective anti-money laundering program.  The bank entered into a deferred prosecution agreement ("DPA") with the government, under which the bank, after paying $400,000 in restitution to the victims of Simmons' scheme, was able to have the criminal charges dismissed after two years.  

California Women Charged With $8 Million Ponzi Scheme Targeting Vietnamese Community

Two California women were arrested on charges that they orchestrated a Ponzi scheme that took in at least $8 million from unsuspecting victims, many of whom were part of the Vietnamese-American community.  Lananh Thi Phan, 54, and Diane H. Do Bui, 49, are facing felony charges of grand theft and securities fraud in connection with the scheme, and are being held on $10 million and $5 million bail, respectively.  Each could face decades in prison if convicted of the charges and sentenced to the maximum term.  

Phanh, a licensed realtor, worked with Bui, a notary public, to solicit victims.  Victims were told that their funds would be used for a variety of investments, including investments in foreign gold, a bail bonds business, and even a "secret" venture that the women would not disclose.  Indeed, according to authorities, Phan told investors that if she told them the nature of their "secret" venture, "you would do it and everyone would do it." While the intended use of their funds was not entirely clear, the promised returns were clearly lucrative; the women promised that a $25,000 minimum investment would yield a monthly payment of $1,500 in what was an approximate annual return of more than 70%.  However, after investors received several of the promised monthly payments, authorities alleged that the women would reach out to the victims to convince them to roll their payments back into their investment with the promise of even higher returns.  In total, Phanh and Bui raised more than $8 million from victims.

However, while investors were led to believe that their funds were safe and akin to money sitting in a bank waiting to be used, authorities alleged that the women used investor funds to operate a Ponzi scheme and support their luxurious lifestyles that included Phan's collection of high-end Louis Vuitton purses.  Indeed, according to authorities, the alleged investment ventures did not exist.  Instead, the women are accused of using investor funds to pay returns to existing investors - a classic hallmark of a Ponzi scheme.  

While authorities are aware of at least 18 victims, they believe that additional victims may be involved.  

A significant red flag often seen in Ponzi schemes is the perpetrators' deliberate concealment of or ambiguity concerning the nature of the purported investment.  While this is often done to create an aura of secrecy or exclusivity, and even intimidation in situations where investors push for answers, it should also cause concern to potential investors who have a right to know how their funds are being used.  Coupled with a situation like the above where neither of the perpetrators were likely licensed to sell securities, such secrecy or ambiguity surrounding an investment strategy is a definite cause for concern.

Life Sentence For Ponzi Schemer Convicted of Triple Homicide

In a story perhaps more suited for a movie screen, a California man received a life sentence after a mandatory DNA sample from a 2008 Ponzi scheme conviction tied him to a previously-unsolved triple homicide.  Robin Kyo Cho, 55, received the sentence this week for the 2003 killings of a Korean woman, her 2-year old son, and a live-in nanny.  Cho, who had maintained his innocence, previously lived in the same apartment building as the deceased victims and was interviewed by police at the time of the killings without any follow-up.  Including sentencing enhancements, Cho was ordered to serve 105 years in prison without the possibility of parole.

After the discovery of the three victims, authorities initially focused on the widowed husband but were unable to nail down a motive.  The case took on international significance, even making the Korea Times' top 10 list of news items of 2003.  However, the case remained unsolved for several years until late 2008, when a DNA sample collected by authorities through a mandatory program for convicted felons matched a piece of evidence discovered at the scene and widely thought to be linked to the killer.  That DNA sample belonged to Cho, who had just pleaded guilty to a $2 million Ponzi scheme and was required to submit a DNA sample as part of his sentence.

Beginning in 1998, Cho admitted to soliciting funds from at least 11 investors under the guise that investors would receive an annual return ranging from 4% - 6% as well as the guaranteed return of their principal investment at the end of the investment period.  While Cho promised that his investments were low-risk, they were instead high-risk and resulted in the near-total loss of all investor funds.  Cho was arrested in June 2006 and charged with 52 counts of violating the California Corporations Code by selling unqualified securities, 52 counts of selling securities by misrepresentations, 12 counts of grand theft, one count of selling securities with intent to defraud and one count of forgery. 

While Cho faced over 60 years in prison under the charges, he was able to secure an arrangement with prosecutors whereby he would plead guilty and receive a sentence of five years of probation.  However, as a condition of his sentence, Cho was required to submit a DNA sample that would be stored in a statewide database.  When Cho's sample turned up a match to the unsolved murders, he was initially brought in for questioning by authorities and subsequently the subject of surveillance.  After authorities discovered unused .38 caliber bullets in a crumpled newspaper Cho had thrown away - the same caliber of bullets used in the murders - Cho was arrested.

Despite maintaining his innocence, Cho was convicted by a jury of the murders in July 2012. Prosecutors based their case largely on the matching of DNA samples, and also speculated that a financial motive factored in due to Cho's collapsing Ponzi scheme.  While prosecutors had sought the death penalty, the jury recommended that he be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.